城市地下空间开发利用现状及未来发展理念

城市快速发展出现诸如环境污染、资源短缺、交通拥堵、房价高等“大城市病”问题,破解“大城市病”的最佳选择在于开展城市地下空间开发利用。归纳我国大城市建设存在的“大城市病”特征,提出了城市地下空间开发利用对于城市可持续发展的现实意义,对国内外城市地下空间开发现状进行了综述,明确了当前城市地下空间开发利用存在的核心问题及发展方向;基于国内外现状分析,明确进行了我国未来地下城市空间开发利用的发展原则;提出未来地下城市规划布局发展的若干理念,从法制构建角度倡导树立第四国土、地下红线理念;从规划、设计、建造角度推崇融合设计、规划留白、智慧建造等理念;从空间角度提议采用节点TOD空间布局理念;从可持续发展角度坚持以人为本理念。本研究综述及发展理念旨在为未来大城市立体空间联动利用提供模式借鉴。     

3-UPU并联机构的运动学仿真与分析

为了提高并联机构的设计效率和准确性,以3-UPU型三平动并联机构为研究对象,对其进行运动学位置正逆解仿真与分析。在ADAMS环境下,得出该机构位置正逆解的仿真曲线。运用MATLAB作出其理论位置逆解曲线并与仿真位置逆解曲线相比较,验证了仿真位置逆解的正确性。将仿真逆解曲线以样条驱动函数形式输入给该机构,得出样条驱动函数下的位置正解曲线并与仿真位置正解曲线相比较,验证了仿真位置正解的正确性。说明了该并联机构的理论数学模型与仿真实体模型的正确性与合理性,为后续的控制提供理论依据。     

ECAP+旋锻变形制备超细晶纯锆的高周疲劳行为

室温采用等通道变形和旋锻复合工艺制备超细晶工业纯锆。对比研究了超细晶和粗晶工业纯锆拉伸和疲劳性能,并运用SEM对疲劳断口形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明：超细晶工业纯锆的室温抗拉强度明显大于粗晶工业纯锆,延伸率有一定程度地降低。超细晶工业纯锆疲劳性能优于粗晶工业纯锆,其应力幅(σa)与疲劳寿命(Nf)满足σa=750Nf-0.06,疲劳极限σ-1为285 MPa,较粗晶工业纯锆提高了70%。断口分析显示,疲劳裂纹萌生于超细晶工业纯锆的表面,疲劳裂纹扩展区辉纹间距较粗晶工业纯锆细小,疲劳裂纹扩展更为缓慢。     

煤炭深加工示范项目二氧化碳等污染物排放指标研究

通过对主要煤炭深加工过程的研究,得出与《煤炭深加工示范项目规划》（征求意见稿）中要求的能效、煤耗等指标相对应的二氧化碳和主要污染物排放指标,并预测主要煤炭深加工项目未来对我国碳减排和主要污染物减排工作的影响.     

Design of a General‐Purpose European Compound Screening Library for EU‐OPENSCREEN

This work describes a collaborative effort to define and apply a protocol for the rational selection of a general‐purpose screening library, to be used by the screening platforms affiliated with the EU‐OPENSCREEN initiative. It is designed as a standard source of compounds for primary screening against novel biological targets, at the request of research partners. Given the general nature of the potential applications of this compound collection, the focus of the selection strategy lies on ensuring chemical stability, absence of reactive compounds, screening‐compliant physicochemical properties, loose compliance to drug‐likeness criteria (as drug design is a major, but not exclusive application), and maximal diversity/coverage of chemical space, aimed at providing hits for a wide spectrum of drugable targets. Finally, practical availability/cost issues cannot be avoided. The main goal of this publication is to inform potential future users of this library about its conception, sources, and characteristics. The outline of the selection procedure, notably of the filtering rules designed by a large committee of European medicinal chemists and chemoinformaticians, may be of general methodological interest for the screening/medicinal chemistry community. The selection task of 200K molecules out of a pre‐filtered set of 1.4M candidates was shared by five independent European research groups, each picking a subset of 40K compounds according to their own in‐house methodology and expertise. An in‐depth analysis of chemical space coverage of the library serves not only to characterize the collection, but also to compare the various chemoinformatics‐driven selection procedures of maximal diversity sets. Compound selections contributed by various participating groups were mapped onto general‐purpose self‐organizing maps (SOMs) built on the basis of marketed drugs and bioactive reference molecules. In this way, the occupancy of chemical space by the EU‐OPENSCREEN library could be directly compared with distributions of known bioactives of various classes. This mapping highlights the relevance of the selection and shows how the consensus reached by merging the five different 40K selections contributes to achieve this relevance. The approach also allows one to readily identify subsets of target‐ or target‐class‐oriented compounds from the EU‐OPENSCREEN library to suit the needs of the diverse range of potential users. The final EU‐OPENSCREEN library, assembled by merging five independent selections of 40K compounds from various expert groups, represents an excellent example of a Europe‐wide collaborative effort toward the common objective of building best‐in‐class European open screening platforms.     

救生机器人推进器的3维反问题设计与性能校验

针对水上救生机器人难以实现快速稳定航行的问题,采用3维反问题设计理论对机器人推进器进行几何设计并对相关参数进行匹配,在合理假设条件下,将喷水推进泵内的有旋流方程进行有效分解获得周向平均流动方程和周期性脉动流动方程。使用速度矩沿流线的分布来控制叶片的载荷,运用计算流体力学对所设计的喷水推进泵进行水力性能校验,结果表明：在毂径比较大等特定条件约束下,喷水推进泵的水力效率达到80.38%,并且在较宽的流量范围内保持高效,叶轮表面压力沿轴向分配合理,没有局部低压区,叶轮推力满足预期性能,验证了设计思路和参数配置的正确性。     

基于代理模型进化的履带车辆动力学参数优化

为解决履带车辆动力学优化过程因代理模型构建和应用的不足而导致的参数寻优精度和效率不高的问题,提出基于代理模型进化的参数优化方法,将优化迭代和代理模型动态构建相融合,来降低仿真模型调用次数和提高优化效率。根据车辆几何拓扑结构,构建考虑履带包络效应的车辆多体动力学模型;提出优化设计变量空间的3层子空间划分方法,以及具有空间聚焦、空间约简和跳出局部寻优的多级模糊聚类空间约简方法,实现设计参数在3层子空间的高效缩减。以履带车辆多体动力学模型参数优化过程为例进行应用验证。研究结果表明：在3种路况下的履带车辆多体动力学优化过程降低仿真模型调用次数最高可达85%;表征履带车辆行进特性的综合性能指标分别提升约32.4%、24.5%、20.4%。证明了新方法可有效提高动力学模型的优化效率和精度。     

战国以前洛阳城市空间营造研究

洛阳地区占据天下之中的地理优势区位,为“十三朝古都”。洛阳有着数十万年人类活动史,4000年城市空间营造史,本文将以战国以前洛阳地区为研究对象,梳理洛阳地区早期空间营造活动特征,探寻洛阳地区城市起源及发展走向。     

内外空间的交融与共享--浅析玉溪师范附属中学教学楼、实验楼设计

在比较复杂和紧张的基地条件下,如何解决玉溪师附中教学楼及实验楼的使用功能,组织学生人流并创造良好的园林式的校园空间环境,为学生提供休息、交往的室外空间,是我们值得研究的问题。     

城市设计中水元素的应用

城市设计中水元素的应用是一个城市彰显特色的重要元素之一,水体与城市的关系有多种形态。本文从海岛城市--厦门、水网城市--盐城、内陆城市--石家庄及山地城市--重庆为例,初探了各类型城市设计中水元素应用的不同。